Modernism, Marxism, Communism, and Socialism are the 19th and 20th century movements and ideologies that paved the way for many rebellions and brought about huge reforms in world societies and governments, either for better or worse. Understanding these range of circumstances and ideologies aids in drawing a crystal picture about reforms and their outcomes.

The focus is on the ideologies, movements, and conditions that are necessary, or are the circumstances and causes of the sparkling of world historical revolutions.

In the beginning chapters of the research I have tried to lay the ground for the root and nature of revolutions and how everything starts. Thus, this project centers on transnational connections and intergroup alliances, what I call migrant internationalism, as an essential medium through which to understand the history of South Asian migrant workers in Britain. Rather than insisting on the primary and definitive importance that one or the other place, native or host society, has on the development of ideologies, alliances, or cultures, this dissertation posits that they are historically produced, for mobile people, out of movement, interaction, and experience.

These struggles were often mutually reinforcing for migrants, who, because they exist at the interstices of both societies, were mobilized by events near and far. By bridging the historiographical divide of partition and independence, this project explores the significant interplay between the histories and struggles of host and home societies. As a contribution to South Asian history, this dissertation pursues a deterritorialized study of South Asian and Punjabi history-as a history of people rather than a place. This project offers a discursive corrective to analyses of the British working-class that exclude or ignore the presence of thousands of nonwhite workers that came to the United Kingdom during that period and offers an assessment of the multiracial constitution of the British working-class and labour movement. Situated between early instances of economic migration from Punjab in the 1920s and the disintegration of the Labour Movement in the 1980s, this dissertation examines the political and social formation of Punjabis in twentieth century Britain.

George orwell down and out